Red Line Synthetic Motor Oils are designed to provide the highest degree of protection and cleanliness for your engine.. Red Line Gear Oils contain polyol ester basestocks to provide excellent lubrication even under extreme conditions of high loading and high temperatures their natural lubricity provide excellent slipperiness which reduces the sliding friction in hypoid gears to reduce wear and temperatures. Diesel Ignition Improver Red Line RL 2 Diesel Ignition Improver cleans and lubricates injectors, pumps, and rings, while improving efficiency by up to 5 percent. Red Line provides a complete line of drivetrain lubricants which are optimized for differential, transmission, or transaxle use over a wide range of temperatures. Red Line provides a complete line of drivetrain lubricants which are optimized for differential, transmission, or transaxle use over a wide range of temperatures. • Fuel Additive • Diesel Fuel Catalyst • Winter Formula • 12 oz. Red Line Synthetic Motor Oils are designed to provide the highest degree of protection and cleanliness for your engine. MTL is a low 70W at very low temperatures and a high 80W, nearly an 85W, at elevated temperatures, providing adequate viscosity to prevent wear and deaden gear noise.

The viscosity characteristics allow the lubricant to resist throwoff and provide a film thickness greater than an SAE 250 grade, with the same low fluid friction as with our 80W140. Red Line Oils 50304 MT90 Transmission Gear Oil, Quart Features. • Povides conventional motor oils with antiwear additives like zinc and phosphorus (ZDDP) necessary to protect against camshaft and valvetrain damage on break in • Allow pistons rings to seat properly with less slick oil, while antiwear additives protect other engines components to avoid excessive wear • Can also be used in conventional and synthetic oils during regular operation, providing an extra package of protection otherwise not found in most motor oils • 16oz bottle treats up to 12 quarts of motor oil in many cases, one bottle can serve two engines or oil changes Red Line Oils 12604 20W60 Heavy Duty Synthetic Oil, Quart Red Line's 20W60 Heavy Duty Synthetic Oil is specifically blended for air cooled V Twin engines with traditionally wide clearances like Knuckleheads, Shovelheads, and Panheads engines and is also compatible with V twins operated in hot climates. It has excellent low temperature flow which allows easier shifting when cold. Red Line Oils 57914 75W140 Gear Oil, Quart Features. • Powerful high temp detergents to clean fuel injectors • Lubricates O rings and seals to increase injector pump life, reduces ring friction • Contains cetane booster for added power benefits • Use one bottle per tank treats up to 100 gallons Red Line Oils 21404 Diesel Motor Oil 15W40, Quart Red Line's synthetic motor oils are designed to provide the highest protection, cleanliness and superior drain intervals with the lowest friction for your gasoline, diesel, motorcycle or marine engine. • Designed for use in all diesel engines compensates for latest low sulfur fuels • Diesel Fuel Catalyst and 85 Plus are products with the same chemistry • Promotes better fuel combustion and fuel system lubrication • Provides faster ignition, reduced detonation and smoke, improved efficiency. We use the most stable components available and formulate our products for wear protection and friction reduction across a wide range of engine operating conditions.

Proper selection depends upon the manufacturers requirements and whether the application is for passenger automotive, commercial, or racing use. May be used to obtain maximum power transfer in racing differentials which do not see high temperatures. Red Line provides the lubricating qualities of castor oil, but provide exceptional cleanliness, with low carbon residue that dramatically reduces plug fouling and smoke. Red Line Oils 11504 15W50 Synthetic Oil, Quart Features. Red Line Oils 58204 Heavy ShockProof Gear Oil, Quart Features. Used in most road racing differentials with moderate power and dogring racing transaxles. Red Line's Diesel Water Wetter provides all the same improvements in cooling efficiency as regular Water Wetter, but without the rust and corrosion inhibitors. Our oils are made with the most thermally stable synthetic base stocks available and provide the best high temperature lubrication and a higher film strength than any petroleum or synthetic on the market today. Diesel Ignition Improver Features. • Synthetic Gear Oil • 75W90 GL 5 • 1 quart Red Line Oils 58404 Light Weight Shock Proof Gear Oil Red Line SHOCKPROOFTM GEAR OIL Recommended for heavily loaded racing differentials and transmissions which see shock loading. Red Line Oils 57904 75W90 GEAR OIL QT Red Line Gear Oils are designed to give improved gear protection at high temps. It is Ideal for diesels that run high oil temperature, such as those operated in hot weather or those in light truck applications where heavy loads are carried or towed.

• Reformulated for improved frictional properties • Special detergents fpr improved lubricity and less detonation • Significant levels of antiwear additives including zinc and phosphorus • Polyolester base stocks provide more stability and film strength when exposed to excess fuel dilution • Improved protection at start up, lower oil temp, cleanliness • Each race oil product is a multi grade, offering 2 4% more power than oil of a similar viscosity 20WT is a 5W20, 30WT is a 10W30, 40WT is a 15w40, 50WT is a 15W50 Red Line Oils 70102 Diesel Fuel Catalyst 12 OZ. Lightweight Shockproof A unique gear oil designed to lubricate racing transmissions and transaxles which see serious loads (not recommended for most syncro type transmissions). Red Line Oils 21405 15W40 Diesel Motor Oil, 1 Gallon Features. Red Line Oils 57904 75W90 GEAR OIL QT Features. Designed for heavy duty diesel engines that use more than 33 percent antifreeze, this treatment improves the ability of coolant to wet heat transfer by 50 percent. • Great bearing protection Red Line Oils 57914 75W140 Gear Oil, Quart Red Line's 75W140 Synthetic Gear Oil is a GL 5 rated product recommended for street driven road car differentials where that viscosity is specified, providing excellent performance in both conventional and limited slip units. Red Line Synthetic Motor Oils will provide better protection than a petroleum oil of the next higher viscosity grade under high shear conditions. Recommended for JASO MB, API SJ, SG, & SH. It provides a unique solid dispersion, which cushions gear teeth to help prevent tooth breakage red line oils 11504 15w50 synthetic oil qt (12 pack) and allows the use of lower viscosities. Red Line Engine Oil Break In additive is designed to allow piston rings to seat properly, while allowing other engine components to avoid excessive wear. This oil also features lower levels of friction modifiers for superior wet clutch operation and its excellent thermal stability, oxidation resistance, cleanliness, and ability to lubricate hot metal make Red Line High Performance Motor Oil a superior lubricant.

Diesel Fuel Additives Red Line's Diesel Fuel Additives promote better fuel combustion and fuel system lubrication. These synthetics have a natural multigrade property which allows our chemists to avoid bulking up an oil with unnecessary additive packages. In addition, corrosion inhibitors will help prevent rust and corrosion. It has better production of power, scuff protection and bearing protection compared to petroleums and other synthetics and it's incredibly clean. Red Line Oils 57104 Non Limited Slip 75W140 Synthetic Gear Oil, 1 Quart Features. • Protect fuel system • Better fuel combustion • Fuel system lubrication Red Line Oils 80213 Diesel Water Wetter Cooling System 15 OZ.

• Coolant Additive • Diesel • Water Wetter • 15 fluid oz. This treatment contains additional cetane improvers, which boost the fuel 5 9 cetane numbers, and additional lubricants, which reduce wear in low sulfur fuel by 75 percent. The synthetic basestocks have a natural multigrade property, which means that large amounts of unstable polymeric thickeners are not required to manufacture our multigrades. Red Line lubricants contain polyol ester basestocks, the only lubricants which can withstand the tremendous heat of modern jet engines, which makes our motor oil a necessity to properly lubricate a turbocharger or hot running engine. This improvement in wetting helps reduce cavitation in liners and water pumps. Red Line's products are unique because they contain polyol ester base stocks, the only lubricants which can withstand the tremendous heat of modern jet engines. Bottle treats up to red line oils 40803 two cycle all sport oil 16 oz (12 pack) 12 quarts of motor oil, so in many cases, one bottle can serve two different engines. Red Line Oils 10504 50WT Racing Oil, Quart Features. Red Line Oils 58304 75/90 N/S Gear Oil, Quarts Features. Similar to a 75W140 gear oil, but with the lower internal friction of an SAE 30 motor oil. This improvement in lubricity and cetane will reduce detonation, assist starting, help reduce smoking, help prevent fuel system wear and leakage, and can provide 5 percent additional power and efficiency. This improvement in lubricity and cetane will reduce detonation, assist starting, help reduce smoking, help prevent fuel system wear and leakage and can provide 5% additional power and efficiency.

To reduce the chance of detonation, our race oils contain very few detergents and are not recommended for street use. They have the appropriate coefficient of friction for most manual transmission synchronizers (many gear oils, engine oils, and ATFs are too slippery for proper synchro engagement). Red Line Oils 80213 Diesel Water Wetter Cooling System 15 OZ. This gear oil is recommended for heavily loaded racing differentials and transmissions, off road racing, and problem gearboxes. Each reduction in viscosity grade allows 1 2% more power.

• EPA registered red line oils 81403 motor oil additive, engine break in, 16 oz (12 pack) for use in diesel fuels • Lubricates injectors, pumps, and cylinder walls as well as prevent rusting • Cleans injectors and high temperature deposits • Improves power and fuel efficiency and works to stabilize fuel • Provides easier cold starting. The viscosity characteristics allow the lubricant to resist throw off and provide a film thickness similar to a 75W250 grade, while providing the same low fluid friction as an SAE 75W90. Where many two red line oils 70202 winter diesel fuel catalyst (12 pack) stroke oils are recommended to run at 32:1, many Red Line customers often mix their fuel at a leaner, 40:1. Red Line Oils 40803 Two Cycle All Sport Oil 16 OZ. This oil is also best for engines that run large clearances such as air cooled engines or large displacement, all out racing engines that see occasional street use. The synthetic basestocks have a natural multigrade property, so large amounts of unstable thickeners are not required to manufacture our gear oils, which means that Red Line Gear Oils will provide a stable viscosity for even extended periods of use. • Synthetic Diesel Motor Oil • 15W40 • 1 quart • For Diesel Applications Red Line Oils 57104 Non Limited Slip 75W140 Synthetic Gear Oil, 1 Quart Red red line oils 57914 75w140 gear oil, quart (12 pack) Line's 75W140 Non Limited Slip Synthetic Gear Oil is a heavier product that works well over a wide range of loads and temperatures.

Extremely powerful high temperature detergents clean fuel injectors. The synthetic basestocks have a natural multigrade property, so large amounts of unstable thickeners are not required to manufacture our gear oils, which means that Red Line Gear Oils will provide a stable viscosity for even extended periods of use. The red line oils 21404 diesel motor oil 15w40, quart (12 pack) lubricants can reduce wear in low sulfur fuel by 75 percent, while prolonging injector and fuel pump life. Red Line provides special protection for reformulated fuels. Red Line's synthetic motor oils are designed to provide the highest protection, cleanliness and superior drain intervals with the lowest friction for your gasoline, diesel, motorcycle or marine engine.

These synthetics have a natural multigrade property which allows our chemists to avoid bulking up an oil with unnecessary additive packages. Red Line Synthetic Motor Oils will provide better protection than a petroleum oil of the next higher viscosity grade under high shear conditions. • Reduced Friction less wear and heat on vital components. We use the most stable components available and formulate our products for wear protection and friction reduction across a wide range of engine operating conditions. Recommended for offroad racing and problem gearboxes. Red Line Oils 50304 MT90 Transmission Gear Oil, Quart Red Line Oil MTL and MT 90 are designed to provide excellent protection and improved shiftability for manual transmissions and transaxles, having cured the problem of hard shifting in thousands of transmissions with shifting troubles. • Fewer oil changes go 12 18,000 miles between changes.

Lubricants significantly lengthen injector and pump life and reduce ring friction which is very important for today's low sulfur fuel. Red Line uses the most stable components available red line oils 70102 diesel fuel catalyst 12 oz (12 pack) and formulates products for wear protection and friction reduction across a wide range of engine operating conditions. This GL 5 type gear oil doesn't contain the friction modifiers for limited slip hypoid differentials. • Formulated for turbo protection; Provides upper cylinder wear protection • Prevents foaming even at high speeds; Reduces engine temperatures • Increases high temperature red line oils 12604 20w60 heavy duty synthetic oil, quart (12 pack) oil pressure; Protects bearings at high speeds and temperatures • Flows well in very cold climates; Allows extended drains in non warranty vehicles • Compatible with petroleum and synthetic oils; Compatible with seals designed for petroleum Red Line Oils 70802 85 Diesel Fuel Additive 12 OZ. This diesel fuel additive complies with the latest federal low sulfur content requirements for use in diesel motor vehicles and non road engines, including 2007 year model diesel engines.

• Recommended for street driven vehicles • Good shiftability and synchro compatibilty • Provides excellent performance • Extra gear protection Red Line Oils 81403 Motor Oil Additive, Engine Break In, 16 oz. This oil is perfect for reformulated and oxygenated fuels. As part of Red Line's all new Powersports line, these High Peformance Motorcycle Oils are fully synthetic formulas specifically created for the high demands of the latest high revving four strokes motocross bikes and ATVs, Sportbikes, and V Twins. It is popular in late model Ford truck rear differentials as well as many other com models. • Red Line Shockproof Light Weight • Greatest extreme pressure protection • Lowest coefficient of friction available • Reduces temperatures dramatically • Provides thicker oil films between gear teeth • Completely resists throw off • Reduces metal to metal contact • Compatible with petroleums and synthetics • Low fluid friction to improve power transfer • Provides gear teeth shock loading protection • Reduces gear noise and has little odor Red Line Oils 70303 RL 2 15 OZ. The shear stability and oxidation stability of these products are excellent, thus the physical characteristics of Red Line MTL and MT 90 will change little with red line oils 70303 rl 2 15 oz diesel ignition improver (12 pack) use.

This diesel fuel additive complies with federal low sulfur content requirements for use in diesel motor vehicles and non road engines. They reduce differential temps 10 70 F. Red Line high performance synthetic can be added to or mixed with any petroleum or synthetic motor oils. Red Line also manufactures gear oils which can be used in limited slip differentials without the use of additional friction modifiers. • Designed to help reduce noisy transmissions and transaxles • Great gear protection • Good low temperature shiftability • Allow for faster shifting Red Line Oils 70202 Winter Diesel Fuel Catalyst Red Line diesel fuel catalyst contains powerful high temperature detergents, lubricants, and a combustion catalyst. Red Line's Synthetic Gear Oil's are designed to provide the highest degree of protection and greatest efficiency for your drivetrain.

It's also the best flowing, cold temperature motor oil on the market providing superior protection and lubrication for cold start ups. This is especially important in flat tappet engines where bigger camshaft grinds and higher valve spring pressures are now popular. It provides 25% more viscosity in bearings than petroleum 20W 50s. Red Line's Synthetic Gear Oil's are designed to provide the highest degree of protection and greatest efficiency for your drivetrain. • Acts like a liquid grease • Recommended for heavily loaded racing differentials and transmissions • Resists throwoff Red Line Oils 40803 Two Cycle All Sport Oil 16 OZ. • Helps prevent hard shifting • Synthetic • Provides excellent protection • Improved shiftability Red Line Oils 58204 Heavy ShockProof Gear Oil, Quart Red Line heavy ShockProof gear oil is a unique lubricant containing a suspension of solid microscopic particles as an extreme pressure agent. Efficiency improvements between 1 5% are typical. Designed for use in all diesel engines, Red Line's 85 Plus contains extremely powerful lubricants, detergents, seal conditioners, fuel stabilizers, and rust preventatives, but without smoke suppressant. • Formulated for turbo protection; Provides upper cylinder wear protection • Prevents foaming even at high speeds; Reduces engine temperatures • Increases high temperature red line oils 58204 heavy shockproof gear oil, quart (12 pack) oil pressure; Protects bearings at high speeds and temperatures • Flows well in very cold climates; Allows extended drains in non warranty vehicles • Compatible with petroleum and synthetic oils; Compatible with seals designed for petroleum Red Line Oils 10504 50WT Racing Oil, Quart Red Line's Racing Oils have a global reputation as the ultimate racing lubricant many teams who have found that the improved performance and equipment durability is the key to winning. The synthetic basestocks have a natural multigrade property, so large amounts of unstable thickeners are not required to manufacture our gear oils, which means that Red Line Gear Oils will provide a stable viscosity for even extended periods of use. Although Red Line racing oils are categorized as ''straight grades'', their low temperature properties make them exceptional multigrades, allowing 2 4% more power than an oil of similar viscosity, while providing much more protection.

And, the wide viscosity of MTL and MT 90 allow proper shifting over the entire temperature range which the transmission will experience. Not only does Red Line synthetic motor oil work in the most extreme heat conditions. Red Line Oils 70202 Winter Diesel Fuel Catalyst Features. Red Line 85 Plus contains additional cetane improvers which boost the fuel 5 9 cetane numbers and additional lubricants which reduce wear in low sulfur fuel by 75%. Red Line Oils 58304 75/90 N/S Gear Oil, Quarts Designed to provide the highest degree of protection and greatest efficiency for your drivetrain. • The best choice in medium and heavy duty diesel truck engines when maximum durability is required • When used at extended drain intervals, it is an excellent value for long haul, fleet use. This makes the transmission synchronizers come to equal speeds more quickly, allowing faster shifting and much easier low temperature shifting. This Oil can also be used in racing limited slip differentials where weak spring design causes too much wheel spin. Red Line Oils 58404 Light Weight Shock red line oils 70802 85 diesel fuel additive 12 oz (12 pack) Proof Gear Oil Features. Red Line diesel fuel catalyst also contains corrosion inhibitors that help prevent rust and corrosion. • Limited slip • Provide a stable viscosity • Provides greatest efficiency for the drivetrain Red Line Oils 12504 20W50 Synthetic Oil, Quart Lower engine operating temperatures and reduce wear on critical engine components.

Red Line Oils 81403 Motor Oil Additive, Engine Break In, 16 oz. Fleet customers and agricultural users can add one gallon of RL 2 to treat 2,600 gallons. This diesel fuel additive complies with federal low sulfur content requirements for use in diesel motor vehicles and non road engines. Red Line Gear Oils contain polyol ester basestocks to provide excellent lubrication even under extreme conditions of high loading and high temperatures their natural lubricity provide excellent slipperiness which reduces the sliding friction in hypoid gears to reduce wear and temperatures. Because Red Line is a superior high temperature lubricant, it can be used at lower fuel to oil ratios, increasing power and providing excellent scuff protection and cleanliness. Red Line Oil's popular two stroke lubricants contain base oils which have the highest film strength and greatest affinity for hot metal. Red Line Oils 70303 RL 2 15 OZ. And don't wait for your next oil change to take advantage.

This diesel fuel additive complies with the federal low sulfur content requirements for use in diesel motor vehicles and nonroad engines. Red Line lubricants contain polyol ester basestocks, the only lubricants which can withstand red line oils 80213 diesel water wetter cooling system 15 oz (12 pack) the tremendous heat of modern jet engines, which makes our motor oil a necessity to properly lubricate a turbocharger or hot running engine. Red Line's new Engine Oil Break In additive provides conventional motor oils with anti wear additives, like zinc and phosphorus, that are necessary to protect against camshaft and valvetrain damage on break in. Red Line Gear Oils contain polyol ester basestocks to provide excellent lubrication even under extreme conditions of high loading and high temperatures their natural lubricity provide excellent slipperiness which reduces the sliding friction in hypoid gears to reduce wear and temperatures. Red Line Oils 70902 Winter 85 Plus Diesel Fuel Additive 12 OZ.

Red red line oils 57904 red line oils 57904 75w90 gear oil qt (12 pack) Line Oils 11504 15W50 Synthetic Oil, Quart Red Line's 15W50 Synthetic Oil is the ultimate high temperature protection in Red Line engine oils recommended for street use and is good for engines that regularly run very high oil temperatures. Proper selection depends upon the manufacturers' requirements and whether the application is for passenger automotive, commercial, or racing use. And with all of that reduced wear and consumption, your recommended oil change interval is extended up to 18,000 miles. Red Line Oils 70802 85 Diesel Fuel Additive 12 OZ. • Fuel Additive • RL 2 Diesel Ignition Improver • 15 oz. Red Line Oils 12604 20W60 Heavy Duty Synthetic Oil, Quart Features. Mother Nature got you in a deep freeze. This catalyst reduces smoke dramatically, reduces detonation, and improves fuel economy 4 8 percent, based on fleet and dyno tests.

Of RL 2 treats up to 300 gallons, making it convenient for trucking pros and commercial fleet operators to add one bottle at fill up. • Cold start up protection flows superbly in cold temps. The synthetic basestocks have a natural multigrade property, which means that large amounts of unstable polymeric thickeners are not red line oils 57104 75/140 n/s gear oil qt (12 pack) required to manufacture our multigrades. The lubricants reduce wear in low sulfur fuel by 75%, prolonging injector and fuel pump life. Red Line Oils 12504 20W50 Synthetic Oil, Quart Features.

Red Line's Two Stroke All Sport Oil is a biodegradable lubricant designed for air or watercooled performance engines which require a low ash oil, not an NMMA TC W3 lubricant. The laboratory engineered synthetic blend reduces friction, which robs your truck or SUV of power and performance. Red Line's products are unique because they contain polyol ester base stocks, the only lubricants which can withstand the tremendous heat of modern jet engines. Red line oils 50304 mt90 transmission gear oil, quart (12 pack) Red Line also manufactures gear oils which can be used in limited slip differentials without the use of additional friction modifiers. This high temp synthetic provides better upper cylinder lubrication for better compression and reduced oil consumption. It can also be used in conventional and synthetic oils during regular operation, providing an extra package of protection not otherwise found in most motor oils. The synthetic base oils used have a very high viscosity index which provides relatively constant viscosity as temperature changes. Proper selection depends upon the manufacturers' requirements and whether the application is for passenger automotive, commercial, or racing use. Red Line provides a complete line of drivetrain lubricants which are optimized for differential, transmission, or transaxle use over a wide range of temperatures. Red Line Oils 70902 Winter 85 Plus Diesel Fuel Additive 12 OZ. This provides significantly better coolant contact in the cylinder head, in turn reducing coolant and cylinder head temperatures by as much as 10 20 degrees F.

• Biodegradable lubricant for engines which require a low ash oil • Increase in power • NOT an NMMA TC W3 lubricant. These synthetics have a natural multigrade property which allows our chemists to avoid bulking up an oil with unnecessary additive packages. 15W50 Synthetic Oil is not recommended for use in cold climates where temperatures are at or below 10 F or 12 C and is not recommended for street use in production engines that see oil temperatures below 225 F (those engines should use Red Line 10W 30 or 10W 40). It is also the best choice in medium and heavy duty diesel truck engines when maximum durability is required, and when used at extended drain intervals, it is an excellent value for long haul, fleet use. They provide faster ignition, red line oils 21405 15w40 diesel motor oil 1 gallon (4 pack) reduce detonation and smoke, and improve engine efficiency. The synthetic base stocks and additives allow the gear oils to carry higher loads compared to petroleum lubricants.

MT 90 is a thicker 75W90 version of MTL. 85 Plus Diesel Fuel Additive Designed for use in all diesel engines. Red Line Oils 70102 Diesel Fuel Catalyst 12 OZ. Contains extremely powerful lubricants, detergents, seal conditioners, fuel stabilizers and rust preventatives, but without smoke suppressant. The levels of zinc and phosphorus blended into these lubricants are among the highest in the industry and combine well with Red Line's chemistry, designed to seal piston rings for more power, fight fuel dilution, extend drain interval and provide stronger film strength over a range of temperature. Red Line's products are unique because they contain polyol ester base stocks, the only lubricants which can withstand the tremendous heat of modern red line oils 10504 50wt racing oil, quart (12 pack) jet engines. Red Line uses the most stable synthetic components available and formulates their products for wear protection across a wide range of operating conditions. Available in popular viscosities of 10W40, 20W50, and 20W60, these ester based products contain the anti wear chemistry demanded by mechanics and enthusiasts. Red Line Diesel Fuel Catalyst contains powerful high temperature detergents, lubricants and a combustion catalyst, which reduces smoke and detonation and improves fuel economy by 4 8%, based on fleet and dyno tests.

Dyno proven to make more power over longer periods of red line oils 58404 light weight shock proof gear oil (12 pack) operating time. Red Line SHOCKPROOFTM GEAR OIL is a unique lubricant containing a suspension of solid microscopic particles as an extreme pressure agent. Red Line Oils 21404 Diesel Motor Oil 15W40, Quart Features. Red Line Oils 21405 15W40 Diesel Motor Oil, 1 Gallon Red Line's 15W40 Diesel Motor Oil is highly resistant to thermal breakdown and provides double the detergent and acid neutralizing ability of conventional petroleum diesel engine oils for maximum engine cleanliness. Red Line also manufactures gear oils which can be used in limited slip differentials without the use of additional friction modifiers. Red Line Diesel Water Wetter won't lower the temperature of the cooling system below the thermostat temperature, and is effective when the thermostat is wide open, such as in heavy traffic or climbing long grades.