In fact, even before construction is underway, provision for fresh water and drainage have to be fully planned. The need is mostly centered in the kitchen and the bathrooms where water usage is the maximum. A variety of equipment are fixed for different types of usage, mainly sinks, toilets, bathtubs, showers, water heaters, fountains, outlets and drains.

Waste material was collected and manually dumped into rivers or on the ground, and no further improvement was attempted till the 19th century. Pipes and aqueducts were initially made of lead but once the toxic nature of lead was recognized, they were. Removal of waste is also done via the pipelines.

One of the most important installations in any construction, be it an office or a residence is plumbing.

Part and parcel of any civilization, it provides water for multiple purposes, for drinking, for cooking, cleaning and washing. Plumbing was primitive in these civilizations and used only for potable water.

The word originated from the Latin word, 'plumbum' which meant lead, as pipes serving this purpose were made of lead in earlier times.